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Medicare Answers
I checked, but couldn't find anything regarding required response times. There are probably required response times for things like disability claims, but the agency is woefully behind meeting even these requirements.
You may want to see if you can track this online. See http://www.ssa.gov/onlineservices/
Once you have an ssa.gov "password", you can see the contact, direct deposit, Medicare and payment information they have on file for you. It'd be nice if you could view your "account status" online, but I'd be a bit surprised if you could find the information you're looking for. I haven't used the service yet, so I can't vouch for it.
If you use it, be careful you're at https://secure.ssa.gov. Be careful of some domain like "http://ssa.gov.fakesite.com/login". Be especially careful to confirm the browser address if you're asked to enter private information.